Controllability & Observability: Matrix vs Gramian
· 3 min read
In control theory, controllability and observability are two fundamental concepts that describe how inputs influence the state of a system, and how outputs reveal the system’s internal state.
There are two main mathematical tools to analyze them:
- Controllability / Observability Matrices
- Controllability / Observability Gramians
Although they serve the same purpose (checking controllability and observability), they provide different perspectives.